There are various ways to donate to a charitable organization. Other than direct cash donations, planned or legacy gifts are among the most common forms of giving. The arrangement enables a donor, through a will or trust, to designate a future date for the donation. The donor creates a financial, estate, or asset plan to transfer a specified amount to an organization of choice. In return, the donor receives significant tax and financial benefits. The planned giving process is more complex than direct giving and often requires engaging a lawyer or qualified accountant.
Other types of planned giving differ through the present and last beneficiaries upon the donor’s demise. The first, the charitable remainder trust, provides a regular income stream to the donor, and upon death, the remaining funds are handed over to the charity. The second, the charitable lead trust, guarantees a steady source of income for the charity over the course of the donor’s life. However, upon their demise, the remainder is distributed to the donor’s designated heirs.
The first step in planned giving involves determining the type of gift to bequest. The planned gift can be either percentage, specific, or residual. The percentage gift includes a defined portion of the total estate value, while a specific gift states the exact amount or specific asset to bequest. Finally, residual planned giving comprises the remainder of an estate after all specified distributions have been made.
Next, the donor adds the selected beneficiary to the will or trust. A survey by a senior living referral service, caring.com, indicates that over 67 percent of Americans do not have a will or formal estate planning documents. If the donor falls within this category, the first step is creating one. A will states who inherits the assets, including cash, after death.
Even with the best intentions, donors need professional guidance to ensure compliance with legal and tax obligations and correct legal jargon use. Before committing to the charitable bequest, the donor should ensure the beneficiary accepts planned giving. In addition, the charitable organization should have the solid intention and capability to utilize the donation as intended. Independent Sector indicates that the United States has over 1.8 million nonprofits, which includes charities. Thus, core values and beliefs assist in narrowing down the list.
Most charitable organizations have legacy and planned giving forms to ensure the donor includes all the required information to facilitate the donation. The donor thus designates the selected organization as a beneficiary of the estate. However, some assets may be non-probate – not covered by the will. These include joint bank accounts, life insurance policies, personal pensions, and employee-sponsored contribution-only arrangements like 401(k)s. The donor may assign a beneficiary, through a separate beneficiary designation document, for the non-probate accounts.
Acknowledgments are important both before and after a donor’s death. It enables the beneficiary organization to build a strong planned giving program, regardless of the gift size. It also provides much-needed gratitude to the family and friends of the deceased. The appreciation typically comes in the form of formal acknowledgments, public recognition, publications, memberships, and access to the charitable organization’s events.
A donor can alter the terms or completely change a planned gift in most cases. They may want to do this for various reasons. For example, the donor may experience significant financial and estate changes that necessitate a change in the bequest. Secondly, the beneficiary may experience a shift in values and objectives, leading to non-alignment with the donor’s preferences.